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100-Things Summary
Here are the 100 things we submitted (pending substitutions; see below for list of NAMES, TERMS, PHENOMENA, THEORIES, and METHODS subsumed in these 100 things): Knowing these 100 things means knowing who THESE PEOPLE ARE -
100 things Wiki
100ish things every cognitive psychologist should know. For Georgia State University CGS faculty and students. These are the facts, phenomena, people, theories, and definitions that people interested in cognition would be embarrassed not to know -
Sequential vs. Parallel Processing (e.g., Serial search vs. Pop-out effects)
71. The modal model suggested that information processing is sequential (sensory storage to attention to perception to STM to LTM), like in visual search (where the time to find a target like F increases as -
Mental rotation
Thing#29: Roger Shepard’s classic studies of mental rotation (Cooper& Shepard, 1973; Shepard& Metzler, 1971) illustrate one of the most important methodologies in cognitive psychology, and anchor one of the most famous and contentious -
49. Top-down v Bottom-up processing
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63. Spreading Activation Theory
Collin and Quillian (1969) were among the first to develop a systematic model of semantic memory suggesting that it is organized in a hierarchical network. The major concepts are represented as nodes (e.g., fish -
Recall vs Recognition
Generally, in recall and recognition tasks, participants are given a list of to be remembered stimuli and later asked what they remember from the list. Recall tasks ask a participant to relist all the items -
Modal model (Atkinson & Shiffrin)
43: The model that launched a thousand misconceptions! Atkinson& Shiffrin (1968) comprehensively summarized the memory literature and proposed that information is passed from brief sensory storage to short-term storage (via attention) and to long -
Prospect Theory
Prospect Theory Come on down, and collect your NOBEL PRIZE! Prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky) explains why we really do what we do, rather than what economists said we should be doing (expected utility theory -
Priming Effect
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Attachment Theory
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Rosalie Rayner
"As Watson’s steadfast partner in love and research, Rayner made a very sizable contribution to the history of psychology." (http://www.feministvoices.com/rosalie-rayner/) Her name is rarely written without reference to -
Cognitive Revolution
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Signal Detection Theory
Signal Detection Theory is a framework that accounts for the detection of a signal stimulus under conditions of uncertainty and is known for yielding measurements that meaningfully dissociate signal sensitivity from response bias. Sensitivity is -
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
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15 Gf, Gc, g (Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory)
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Paul Meehl
Meehl was part of an eminent group of University of Minnesota psychologists including B.F. Skinner (thing 9), William Estes, Kenneth MacCorquodale (with Meehl, a noted opponent of thing 17), and Marian Breland Bailey (of -
Procedural vs Declarative Memory (and what H.M. told us about them)
Thing#36 gave us the distinction between semantic and episodic memory—both instances of declarative memory (sometimes also called ‘explicit’ although I think that conflates type of memory content with type of memory test). This -
73. Folk psychology (and cross-cultural cognitive psychology)
If I know something about frogs, I believe I know something about toads. I probably have a vaguer guess about turtles, but I still have something, courtesy of my frog knowledge. I intuitively understand that -
Forgetting Curve
The forgetting curve is Hermann Ebbinghaus's general theory for how long we can retain information, defined by a formula for how long items will remain in a person's memory. A graph of this -
Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a learning processes through which behavior is changed using reinforcements (given or withdrawn) or punishments after the desired response. E.L. Thorndike first studied this kind of learning, which he labeled the -
Déjà vu
I have the sense I have already posted this... Déjà vu is the feeling that we have already done something before. There have been many hypotheses about why this occurs, including appeals to parapsychological explanations -
Complex span measures of WMC and its relation to processing speed, etc.
Our list already includes many memory-related ‘things’ but must also include recent findings from differential-psychology (individual-differences) studies of working-memory capacity, as measured by complex-span tasks like reading span, operation span -
Choice Overload
Choice overload (also referred to as “overchoice”) is the overwhelming feeling of making a decision in the face of numerous, equally desirable options. Decision-making is stalled as a result of considering each option in -
Deficit-based approach & research participants with amnesia (E.P., Clive Wearing, H.M., etc.)
Our understanding of learning and memory has been informed by studying individuals who exhibit cognitive impairments after sustaining some form of trauma to the brain. For instance, the study of individuals with amnestic disorders suggests
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